Against the Grain

Black Slaves, Indians, and the US Colonial Project

Notions of racial hierarchy abounded in the early nineteenth century as missionaries tried to convert Native Americans, federal officials sought to seize Indian lands, and Indians in the southern US bought, sold, and owned black slaves. Barbara Krauthamer relates what happened when people of different races, agendas, and social status encountered one another in the shadow … Continued


Giving primacy to Reason often reflects a belief that discursive thought and scientific knowledge put humans on a trajectory of progress and improvement. Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner called all of that into question. According to Joaquin Pedroso, the two iconoclasts pointed toward an anti-authoritarianism of the intellect that anarchists and others should take seriously. … Continued


Against the Grain

Education and Inequality

It seems logical: if you don’t have enough education your economic prospects will be diminished, while those who have a lot are able to succeed in our purportedly knowledge-based economy.  But what if that’s only partially accurate? John Marsh posits that economic inequality and poverty are not causally connected to differing levels of education. He … Continued


Against the Grain

Agamben on State Power and “Bare Life”

How foundational are violence and coercion to Western sovereign authority? According to Giorgio Agamben, states of emergency have become not the exception but the rule, and the individual has been reduced by state power to “bare life” to an alarming degree. Adam Kotsko explains and interprets the Italian theorist’s influential ideas. For more details and … Continued


Against the Grain

Peter Linebaugh on Tom Paine

Peter Linebaugh, best known for tracing the history of the commons and of commoning practices, calls Thomas Paine “a planetary revolutionary.” He has found in Paine’s lesser-known works radical critiques of inequality and authoritarianism and even the system of money wages. Many lessons for our time, Linebaugh argues, can be drawn from Paine’s writings and … Continued