Against the Grain

Fannie Lou Hamer and Thomas Merton

Fannie Lou Hamer and Thomas Merton were both, as Albert Raboteau puts it, religious radicals. Hamer became an outspoken advocate for racial and social justice; she risked her life to secure voting rights and political equality for African Americans. Thomas Merton was a Catholic contemplative who spoke out forcefully against racism, militarism, and rampant consumerism. … Continued


Historian Matthew Delmont discusses the controversy over school desegregation in the 1960s and 70s and how it was reduced by the media and politicians to the frame of “busing” students.  He reflects on the political implications of turning civil rights and segregation in the North into the narrow issue of school transfers. Resources: Matthew F. … Continued


Against the Grain

How Revolutionary Was the Pill?

The birth control pill has been called revolutionary; it’s been associated with a revolution in contraception, with the sexual revolution of the 1960s, and with what’s called the therapeutic revolution of the mid-20th century. Elizabeth Watkins discusses the pill’s development and impact in the arenas of medical practice, women’s liberation, popular perception, and pharmaceutical marketing. … Continued


Creative destruction is the hallmark of capitalism, as the economist Joseph Schumpeter argued.  But the destructive side is often overlooked.  Francesca Ammon discusses the enormous wave of demolition that accompanied the postwar boom — transforming the rural, urban and suburban landscape, and displacing the residents of scores of communities around the United States. Resources: Francesca … Continued


Against the Grain

The Lost History of 20th Century Anarchism

In the popular imagination, U.S. anarchism ended with the deportation of Emma Goldman in 1919, only to re-emerge recently with the masked Black Bloc.  But according to scholar Andrew Cornell, anarchism survived and thrived in mid-century America, deeply influencing bohemia, Civil Rights, and the New Left. Resources: Andrew Cornell, Unruly Equality: U.S. Anarchism in the … Continued