According to Hadar Aviram, the death penalty, life without the possibility of parole, and life with parole converged into a virtually indistinguishable regime of extreme punishment in California. She describes the roles played by the Manson family murder cases and the politicization of the parole process in the shift toward interminable incarceration.
Hadar Aviram, Yesterday’s Monsters: The Manson Family Cases and the Illusion of Parole University of California Press, 2020
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