A weekly magazine-style radio show featuring the voices and stories of Asians and Pacific Islanders from all corners of our community. The show is produced by a collective of media makers, deejays, and activists.
For this week’s episode of APEX Express, host Cheryl is joined by Cẩm Trần, Thao Le from VietUnity, and Victoria Huynh from Asian Prisoners Support Committee (APSC) as they tell the story of how Cẩm came to be the first Vietnamese deportee to return home to the United States.
Cẩm Trần is a Vietnamese mother who was deported and separated from her two young children in 2019. This January 2024, Cẩm will be the first Vietnamese deportee to return home to the United States.
Like many survivors of domestic violence, Cẩm was criminalized for her attempts at self-defense. After arriving in the United States in 2009, Cẩm faced physical and emotional abuse at the hands of multiple partners. As a new immigrant, Cẩm’s social isolation and lack of English proficiency made her especially vulnerable to this cycle of abuse. In 2016, in a domestic violence dispute with her second husband, Cẩm called 911 for help, but was arrested and charged with an aggravated felony. Cẩm’s attorney advised her to plead guilty, but failed to advise her on the immigration consequences of this conviction or the legal recourses available to her. Given language barriers and her unfamiliarity with the U.S. legal system, Cẩm was unable to fully advocate for herself. She took her attorney’s advice, not knowing it would lead to her deportation. After spending 6 months at the California Institution for Women, Cẩm was detained by ICE at the Adelanto Detention Facility for 2 years before being deported to Vietnam in 2019.
Since 2019, Cẩm has worked relentlessly to reunite with her children. With legal advocacy and community support from ViệtUnity and the Asian Prisoner Support Committee, Cẩm pursued a motion to vacate her deportable charges. As of 2023, Cẩm’s deportable charges have been dropped, and she is now able to return to the United States to her loved ones.
Cẩm now needs our support to rebuild her life upon return, including funds for secure housing, employment, and transportation. Cẩm also hopes to take community college courses and pursue her degree, and to give back to the communities who helped bring her home.
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Transcript
Cheryl Truong: This is the story of Cam Tran who through resilience, Self-advocacy and community support became the first Vietnamese deportee to return home to the United States.
Thao Le: Yeah so VietUnity, right now it’s VietUnity Bay Area. VietUnity East Bay used to be its own thing and then VietUnity South Bay. Then during the pandemic we combined.
VietUnity South Bay formed in 2016, and one of the reasons we formed at the time, you know, there was just a lot of progressive leftist Viets in the South Bay that wanted to bring our community together and take a proactive stance on the Black Lives Matter movement. And so we designed this, summer youth program.
For those who know, there’s this school for organizing called Hai Bà Trưng School, which is named after two anti imperialist, anti colonial resistors in Ancient Vietnam against Chinese colonizers. And we designed the Bà Triệu school focused on youth in the South Bay for Vietnamese youth to learn about their history, learn how they can get involved in local politics and activism.
And so that’s when South Bay was formed. Viet Unity South Bay was very active in a lot of anti deportation work, including trying to keep Đức home and Phuc home, which are two folks in our community. Viet Unity South Bay was able to stop their deportations.
Cheryl Truong: Viet Unity, AKA VU, as you’ll hear it referred to throughout the episode, was one of the two crucial organizations involved in bringing Cam home. The other being Asian Prisoners Support Committee APSC. Currently speaking is Thao a Vietnamese Hakka American based on unceded, Tamien Ohlone land also known as San Jose, California. They are a member of Viet unity and also a dear friend of mine. so
Thao Le: When I came back into San Jose around 2019, I was talking to one of our members, Thuyen and I was letting him know, hey, I’m going to go to Vietnam at the end of the year. And he said that there is a deportee who, has already been deported to Vietnam. Her name is Cam and she’s looking for community and she’s looking for support.
When I went to Vietnam, my brother and I went to visit her.
Before meeting Cam, I didn’t have much experience in, anti deportation actions, like I knew the content because of APSC Asian Prisoner Support Committee and a lot of the work that was being done around that time, but Cam was the first deportee that I had really worked with. And I think it’s a different case because She was somebody who was already deported. She was deported that year that I met her– 2019.
When my brother and I met her, we were very moved by her story and how much she herself is a really strong advocate for herself, you know, she reached out once she was deported and even before then she had reached out to a lot of different Southeast Asian organizations that were working on deportation to get any form of help.
And so I really felt like I wanted to commit to helping her and to, to witness this journey with her.
Cheryl Truong: You mentioned that she reached out to many other organizations for support back in 2019. But Viet unity and APSC ended up being her core organizations that supported her throughout this.
I’m curious to know what drew Cam towards Viet Unity..
Thao Le: Yeah, there were a lot of different groups that did try to help her out. She had a lawyer through Asian Americans Advancing Justice.
She had also reached out to SEACC. I think one of the reasons why she stuck with Viet Unity is because we really wanted to stick with her. Her situation’s a bit different in that, unlike a lot of the other deportees that we usually hear about, she came to the U.S.
long after, and also, she was deported after an act of self defense. So the usual school to prison to deportation pipeline didn’t apply to her. But of course the laws are still affecting everybody, right? And I know Victoria can speak more on that as well.
I think something that I really felt, kept our relationship going was there was a lot of emotional support that we did for Cam, you know. There were multiple, multiple times where it seemed like there’s nothing we can do to bring her home. She had gone lots of different routes from trying to get a pardon, to trying to get the vAWA which is Violence Against Women Act, and none of those went through. There was this ongoing sense of hopelessness, and I think the other organizations also recognized that, oh, this is, might not work out. But by that time, Cam was like a friend to me. And so even if I can’t do anything the legal route, let me see if I could just check in with her and see how she’s doing.
Eventually APSC was able to find a lawyer who analyzed her case and suggested we go through the motion to vacate route. And that’s kind of where it started. Things started to piece together. Because Cam is the first Vietnamese deportee to return to the U. S., and it took several years. It’s kind of abnormal in a sense. We went through a route that I guess hasn’t been done as much and it was for someone who was already deported. And you know, when I talked to Cam, she wouldn’t be trying so hard if her two kids weren’t out here in the U. S. She would have been fine staying in Vietnam and not pursuing any route of coming home, but the reason she never gave up was because her kids were out here.
So I think her coming home helps set this precedent because she is the first to come back and also, the first to come back through the motion to vacate process.
Cheryl Truong: You mentioned that this was your first time ever working on an anti deportation case. And yet you ended up shouldering a lot of the work for this. Not just in terms of advocacy work, but also in terms of Becoming one of. Cam’s closest friends here.
What was that like for you finding the words, the language to support this process?
Thao Le: I think what this process has highlighted to me is how there is so much invisiblize labor that takes place when it comes to supporting folks, and how care is something that we need to center in our movements more. There were multiple times where I was like, dang, I’m the only one still checking in with Cam. Others, people in VietUnity and around were like you’re carrying this case and it must be a lot for you.
And so there were times where I’m like, wow, why do I feel like I’m the only one who cares? And it’s, and that’s not totally true, but sometimes it felt that way, right? because emotional labor is very heavy and it’s not glamorous either. You don’t get to like post about it.
This really showed me how important is the long game.
And here’s the thing about Cam, too, and she’ll speak to this– she wants to support other deportees now that she’s back. She does have a lot to do in terms of re entry and getting her life together and being able to see her kids. But she wants to return that labor by helping other deportees. The first night that she came back, she stayed at my house and she told me she stayed up all night because a lot of her friends both here in the US and also some in Vietnam who are deportees were calling her and they’re like, hey, you got back. I want to get back to like, how did you do it? Right?
And this is also very similar to what APSC does where a lot of the folks who are working at APSC and in reentry support, etc, even the co executive director, Ny– these are all folks who are system impacted. It is so important to have that really strong sense of community and bringing folks in and taking care of one another. Because, you know, even though I supported Cam in a lot of ways, she was my friend, you know. I would listen to her, but she would also ask me how are you doing? And she would listen to what I was going through. My Vietnamese has vastly improved since talking to her all the time. So It’s definitely like a relationship, you know, one that continues to grow. There are also times where Cam and I would sort of come into conflict too, because I would get really busy and then I wouldn’t pick up her calls as easily and she’d be like, hey, what happened? Are you abandoning me? What’s going on? I’m just, you know, negotiating and talking about where we’re at and being transparent and communicative about our capacity. So I’ve definitely learned a lot in being involved in this, journey. Yeah.
You know, I think it’s really important that more, Asian American folks. Vietnamese American, et cetera, get involved in organizations like APSC, Asian Prisoner Support Committee. I can’t be like, hey, get involved in Viet Unity because we’re figuring some stuff out about what our next steps are because we’re really small and we’re volunteer based.
But I definitely think more folks should get involved in groups like APSC and learn the history of the ways in which how APSC was founded, the intersections between, you know. We’re talking about tapping into a larger movement of decarceration. There are so many ways in which our histories are connected, both in the past and the present. It’s really important to learn about what it means to abolish prisons, not just the ones that are that our folks are going through, but also think about what that means in an internal sense, you know, what are the ways in which we embody carceral values amongst our communities?
How do we learn how to embody transformative justice? How do we learn how to move through conflict together? And these are all really challenging because of harm and conflict. Conflict is something that happens all the time and learning the skills of how to navigate conflict , is part of this whole bigger picture of abolishing prisons and abolishing the police. So I think that’s really important to keep in mind.
Cheryl Truong: You are so absolutely right. It is just, as you said, Cam’s return to America from what I’m hearing makes for a great case study in the ways our carceral system. Is failing our people and how community support through healing justice. Transformative justice and the abolitionist frameworks can be life-changing and groundbreaking. Thank you so much for weighing in and for coming on the show Thao.
And now for our next guest.
Victoria Huynh: APSC stands for Asian Prisoner Support Committee. It started in the early 2000s, and it started for a number of reasons, right? With a lot of really prominent local activists in the Bay Area, including people like Yuri Kochiyama, realizing that there is a pretty major population of Asian and Pacific Islanders in the prison system, the California prison system, but their needs are not explicitly addressed, or even recognized.
Cheryl Truong: This is Victoria Huynh from Asian prisoner support committee. She has been a volunteer at APSC. The last three years doing translation interpretation and the anti deportation work. She also teaches ethnic studies through APSC’s restoring Our Original True Selves (ROOTS) program at San Quentin state prison. And outside of her advocacy work, she is a student at UC Berkeley.
Victoria Huynh: ROOTS is the ethnic studies program that started in San Quentin after a huge amount of protests from San Quentin 3, including one of APSC’s founders, Eddy Zheng. I teach in ROOTS as an ethnic studies educator to help connect a lot of our incarcerated API community members not just to liberatory education, but also upon reentry. For example, some people have deportation orders or other challenges on their release so that is a really great space for us to figure out. Because we work with folks inside, we get to sort of interrupt the pipeline of prison to deportation and continue our advocacy for people throughout
Cheryl Truong: for all of our listeners out there who are encountering stories like Cam’s for the first time, do you mind talking a little bit about what is the school to prison to deportation pipeline? What is crimmigration?? And how do these systems impact Southeast Asian communities?
Victoria Huynh: For a bit of context, our communities of Southeast Asian refugees, people who immigrate to the U. S. from mostly Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia mostly under conditions of war, genocide that leads to their migration. A lot of them resettle as refugees in the 80s and 90s and this is also a time in which the U. S. is passing a lot of major federal policies that are increasing essentially the policing and prison arms of the state. Huge amounts of money are funded into building new prisons, into expanding police forces, into basically hyper criminalizing multiple communities of color, adding increased punishments, harsh sentencing, etc.
So in this case, right, a lot of young people Southeast Asians who come to the U. S., struggle a lot with war trauma, poverty, conditions of resettlement, join gangs, et cetera, and then enter the prison system. And due to this era, of policies which not only criminalize individuals, but specifically criminalize migrants and make the conditions for ones deportation, so that’s how the pipeline comes into shape. It’s a convergence of multiple kinds of federal and local policies.
A lot of APSC, and our other folks who do immigration work broadly think about is after people serve their sentences after being incarcerated. And again, the conditions of that are so complicated. If they’re able to get out of the prison system, they should go home to their families and communities and not continue to be punished again through continual displacement and continual separation. So that’s part of the work that we do.
So I had been working with APSC for some time. I had heard from one of our other staff Hien that there were folks like Cam who were deportees in Vietnam who needed things, including like language support and community support to take on a campaign that would take a lot of effort and time and translation.
In 2019, around when the Cam was first deported, APSC folks saw that there’s a possibility for Cam to pursue a motion to vacate, given, frankly, how the courts mishandled and failed many parts of her case . But that would require legal funds, a lot of time, right, a lot of support– essentially all the things that Cam should have had in the first case when she was first sentenced.
So they put the recommendation to pursue this motion to vacate. It will involve these things, but we’re not sure if we have capacity. So flash forward a few years later, I think I joined APSC around like 2020, 2021. I was going to Vietnam for a different program in 2022 in the summer.
And Hien was like, you should meet with our deportees actually. And you should see if you can support some of their process. So I met Cam in the summer of 2022.
I remember I tried to choose a restaurant close to her workplace, so a chicken restaurant in District 8 somewhere. And then I went on my other trip, and then I came back, and then, we got more time to get to know each other and , to sit down and figure out what is Cam’s case and figure out how to do.
And so by the end of that trip, when I got home, I was really committed to doing this. I drove down to to San Jose to meet Thao to talk about what kind of work have you been doing over the last few years? And what can I sort of bring in. VU is a really important community network for Cam, but what APSC does that’s very particular is that sort of crimmigration and defense lens, and how can we figure out how to bring these things together.
I remember sitting in some restaurant in San Jose, I think it was Nha Trang with Thao, and then asking, how have things been so far, right? And I remember Thao saying it’s been hard work to do it by themselves for this long, and it’s good to have more people because now there’s more hope in making this happen. So I’m lucky, right? It’s like I joined 2022 and then Cam is Free as of now and that I think honors a lot of the years of work that made all of this possible, not just my involvement.
I want to step back a little bit if it’s okay and talk about why I think Cam’s instance is so significant.
I think there’s a a slightly dominant narrative of Southeast Asians impacted by deportation, where a lot of them were actually like young men who were involved in gangs and as a result were criminalized. Right? But I think that in meeting more people impacted by the system, a lot of the Vietnamese population who are impacted by prison and deportation, many are actually monolingual, many are very in- age, they don’t necessarily come, tend to be U. S. ‘s youth because of the multiple migration waves of Vietnamese refugees. I think specifically their , lack of English proficiency makes them even more vulnerable to criminalization. I’ve worked with a couple other community members who are elderly, for example, who just had no idea how to navigate the system and therefore had deportation orders.
I think something else significant about Cam’s story is also the gender violence aspect. I think movement work more generally– we don’t know always how to talk about intersecting forms of oppression and how gender violence is something that is constant at every part of the prison deportation pipeline.
It’s not something that the pipeline quite accurately captures. For Cam in particular, I remember looking at her case file from one of our attorneys. And realizing that her original attorney had applied, like, there’s many avenues of relief. They had thought about, seeing if she could get relief under the Violence Against Women Act which is part of Bill Clinton’s Violence Crime Control Act of the 1990s. Essentially, it creates a carceral response to domestic violence at the time. And I realized, oh, she does not qualify under this because she has a criminal conviction. And I think that, for me, was a moment where I was like these policies that are supposed to protect people from these forms of violence, have so clearly failed this person, in addition to all the other things too
While Cam’s story is a little bit different from those things, I think it is very significant and also brings in a really important conversation about criminalized survivors and carceral feminism and that sort of thing.
Cheryl Truong: you are tuned in to apex express at 94.1 KPFA and 89.3, KPF B in Berkeley and [email protected].
That song you just heard was a Burmese song called “Thai Rhymes with Sound” by Ma Ei Moe. The singer is singing about the colors and smells of each flower. How in the summer, after the long monsoon season flowers are in bloom.
Once again that was “Thai Rhymes with Sound” by Ma Ei Moe.
Welcome back to the show. We are here with Cam Tran, the first Vietnamese deportee to return back to the United States, who will now be sharing her story with us. Providing translations will be Victoria Huynh from APSC
Victoria Huynh: Cam is now applying and waiting for her papers, for her social security number, her ID. She has part time work at a nail salon, so those things would allow her to apply eventually for her driver’s license for transport, nail license, the ability to go back to school and study, and then also work toto get visiting rights for her children as well.
So when Cam first arrived to the United States in 2009, she was a victim of domestic violence in her marriage. So at that time, she was living with her husband and his family, and she had also had her first son.
So, She experienced controller management by the husband’s family. and when she went to work she would have to give money to them.
So she wasn’t able to, at that time get her driver’s license or have her own means of transport. If not the bus, then her husband would pick her up and drop her off. And that also meant that she couldn’t go to places– couldn’t go to the mall, couldn’t go shopping or places she wanted to go.
In experiencing this with her first husband, she realized that she needed to get out of the situation for her child. Around this time is when she met the person who’d become her second husband, who sort of promised an escape from this.
But, it turned out to use the same tactics of control as the first..
So, I’m sorry. So, yeah, so over time, she was over time. She was hoping that, like, waiting for the person to change. Right. And she also, like, had had another child with them. So that maybe they would change. So, yeah, I think so
Over time, she realized that the second husband did not provide her with love and eventually became physically abusive as well. That husband also became to control of Cam’s finances, so the money that she would bring home from work as well.
Um, yeah, her husband, second husband became increasingly more abusive. She wasn’t sure what to do. Then, Cam’s dad passed. She wanted to go see him, but the husband wouldn’t let her.
A month after Cam’s father passed, she was finally allowed to return to Vietnam. Her second husband came with her, but in the process, she was visiting her family. she found out that her second husband, found another girlfriend as well.
Hmm. When they returned home from Vietnam, the second husband packed his things and But during that time, their child that they have together, Kim’s second child was about 10 months. The husband, despite being away, would still constantly call Cam, show up to her place and bother her, and would get divorce papers to try to force her to sign them as well.
And to coerce her, he would say that if you sign these papers, I will pay for you to continue living here, for example.
Mm-Hmm. So, that second husband had also exerted financial control over Cam, had access to her bank account as well, so was able to use that money. Over time, Cam had been working in nails and also foster work as well.
She had also wanted a car and knew that she could take steps to apply for her license. She had asked her husband at the time to use their shared money to help her purchase a car. But instead of getting her a newer, good quality car that she wanted, he bought her an old car that actually had broken I’m on the road, forcing Cam to not be able to work, no longer having transit, and then having to stay home, figuring out how to provide for her two kids..
Around this time, Cam learned that her green card was set to expire and would need to be renewed, but her husband did not allow her or help her to pursue applying for citizenship. He was just like, let it expire, you could be sent back anytime, pretty much.
At this time, too while she was home, she would often, bring her son over to her neighbors because their neighbor also had a child their age, and it was easier, to take care of them both, especially when she was sick. And so that led to the circumstances leading to her conviction and deportation.
There was a domestic violence altercation between her second husband and her. The neighbors around heard about it, the police were called, but that is what led to Kim’s conviction ultimately.
mm mm Yeah. . Mm-Hmm,
When she was originally arrested by the police after that altercation, she was assigned a public defender to defend her on her case. That public defender encouraged her to take a plea deal, which means to accept her criminal convictions. But she didn’t understand that it would mean they would take her green card away and then that she would be, incarcerated; she’d be sent to prison after that, and then transferred immediately to detention. So she, after serving her sentence, she was sent to go on to detention center.
When Kim was at Adelanto detention center, she was alone. There was no one there to help her. She had to appear to court before her eventual deportation. They explained that because of her conviction, she would be deported. At this time, she also was able to meet, pro bono lawyer who started to piece together the parts of her case as well. But she was still deported to Vietnam at this time. It was 2019.
the Pro Bono lawyer that she met, they had done a little bit of work, but then transferred her to someone else . It was unclear. Kim was eventually deported. She remembers the first three months being particularly hard because she was really sick as well in that time. And had , no thoughts or hopes of returning to the U. S.
so in this time, Cam started to reach out to a ton of people just to see what she could do. On Facebook, she’d send tons of messages to lots of people. One of those people, sort of by accident was Eddy Zheng, who is the founder of APSC. And so Eddy, to kind of add a bit more context to it, Eddie reached out to Hien, the person I work with, and was like, there’s a Vietnamese deportee, what do you think about this case ?
And that was how Cam was able to be connected through APSC to Viet Unity and met Thao who took the bulk of a lot of this advocacy work for the last 4 or 5 years. Over time, VU raised funds for Cam to access, a criminal justice attorney, right, the people who are working with the Sacramento D. A. to clear her deportable charges and then, through our advocacy, was also able to work with an immigration attorney, Becca Kulos through Zachary Nightingale’s firm, who is Eddy’s original lawyer, who would be able to help her navigate the process of now that if you are non deportable, what do you need to do go from that to having a return to the U. S.? And so we met in this process as well. And this is sort of how Cam started to meet the team, the advocates would become her community support.
Cheryl Truong:We’ll be right back with more about the story at the first Vietnamese deportee to return to the United States Cam Tran after this music break. Folks interested in learning more in the meantime can check out the welcome cam home tool kit. At bit.ly/WelcomeCamHome . Link in the show notes.
We’re going to be listening to a track by the Khamsa Project. Khamsa, the Arabic word for five, is a multimedia art project, showcasing black, Muslim, immigrant, and refugee visual artists and musicians traversing the five stages of grief. They’ve launched art exhibits, music performances, dance shows, community events, podcasts, but this track in particular, Is from their self-titled hip hop album. Khamsa: the album. This is “something” by one of their collaborative artists Spote Breeze.
Welcome back. You are tuned in to apex express on 94.1 KPFA and 89.3 K PFB in Berkeley and [email protected]. That was something called “Something” by Spote Breeze from the Khamsa Project.
We are back with Cam Tran, the first Vietnamese deportee to return home to the United States and and Victoria Huynh from APSC, who will be providing translations for this final half.
Once again, that was “Something” by Spote Breeze from the Khamsa Project..
Victoria Huynh: If people want to support Cam’s Re-entry home to me, it’s a historic win for so many different reasons. But also, I think is such a testament to her strength and love for her family.
You can go to bit.ly/WelcomeCamHome but those are like, welcome. W has a capital. Cam has a capital home has a capital. And you can donate to her GoFundMe as well. Currently, we’ve raised a good amount of community support for Cam, but re entry and the process of rebuilding your life is really difficult for anyone. So we would appreciate any support that people could provide. So there’s that,
Something else I was just thinking about that in the process of a lot of, I think the work we ended up doing, there’s the immediate stuff, right?
Of like fundraising and building camps, networking stuff. But a lot of it was working with these attorneys, who we had hired or who’d hopped on pro bono to navigate the really weird, knotted difficult things about Cam’s case and to try to navigate the system so that she could find a way through. I remember through the process of both the criminal attorney and the immigration attorney, right, me and Thao and others being interpreters was thinking, like, this is so difficult. It’s so difficult to do this by yourself. You know, a big part of why Cam’s deportable charges were dropped were also because she had an interpreter originally, but the communication broke down. She was not able to articulate the things that she needed or understand the possibilities of deportation in her original sentencing. In the process of going back and doing a motion to vacate, I was like, wow. What if Cam and people like her had had the support all along? Right? So cultural and language support, but also having a community or loved ones to guide you through such an isolating experience with the trust that you can make it through.
I am so struck still by how many points of intervention there were in her original sentencing and deportation that could have been stopped if she’d had the resources that I think a lot of survivors, Cam and people like this deserve. If she’d had more social support, could she have more easily navigated abusive situations? Could she have understood the context of a plea deal and a deportation order, all these things. I’m very happy that retroactively we were able to provide that for her, but it makes me hope more people can have this sort of resources that Cam deserves.
Cheryl Truong: Cam Victoria. And I ended up taking a break shortly after this. Telling one’s story, reliving trauma, and putting indescribable experiences into words. It’s a very taxing thing to do. But there was a question that kept lingering in my brain, which I’m sure all of you listening after hearing Cam’s story have the same question too. Which is what kept you going? And how did you find the strength to keep fighting such an unjust system?
To which Cam answered very simply. Her kids. And also her desire to help others. Victoria later shared. A story from a conversation they had around the workshops and programs they wanted to do to help other deportees now that Cam has finally returned to the United States. And what Cam said really stayed with me.
How truly, no one should have to go through this. It doesn’t matter the context of their cases, their charges, their characters. The Crimmigration system. The separation of families. The systemic lack of resources and support.
It’s something that should not be experienced by anyone. And that everyone deserves to be supported. And that everyone deserves to be free.
Cheryl Truong: apex express is produced by Miko Lee, Paige Chung, Jalena Keane-Lee, Preeti Mangala Shekar. Shekar, Anuj Vaidya, Kiki Rivera, Swati Rayasam, Nate Tan, Hien Nguyen, Nikki Chan, and Cheryl Truong
Tonight’s show was produced by me, cheryl. Thanks to the team at KPFA for all of their support. And thank you for listening!